CVL 216 Surveying I Course Syllabus - Pokhara University Engineering

1. Course Description

This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive grounding in the principles, tools, and applications of surveying. Major content areas covered include the fundamentals of surveying, compass survey techniques, leveling methods, and understanding of advanced surveying instruments such as EDM, Theodolite, and Total Station, as well as intricate topics like tachcometry, contouring, trilateration, and triangulation. The curriculum is structured in distinct units, each diving deep into specific surveying facets, allowing students to sequentially build their expertise. Additionally, the "Instruction on Field Works" sections in multiple units signify the course's emphasis on practical application, ensuring students not only understand theoretical concepts but can also implement them in real-world scenarios.

2. General Objectives

The course is designed to apply civil engineering students with comprehensive knowledge and practical skills in surveying methodologies, instruments, and applications essential for accurate land and terrain assessments.

3. Methods of Instruction

Lectures, Tutorials, Discussion, Readings and Practical works

4. Contents in Detail

Specific Objectives	Contents
State and interpret the fundamentals of surveying principles, tools, and practices.	Unit I: Introduction to Surveying (4 hrs) 1.1 Definition of Surveying 1.2 Plane and Geodetic Surveying 1.3 Classification of Surveying- Based on the nature of survey, objective of survey, and the instrument used 1.4 Instruments and Tools Used in Surveying- Their Purposes 1.5 Principles of Surveying 1.6 Scales, Maps, and Plans 1.7 Units of Measurement (Length, Area, and Volume) and Conversions 1.8 Accuracy and Error
Apply and analyze compass usage and its significance in the surveying field.	Unit II: Compass Survey (5 hrs) 2.1 Introduction, Uses and Importance 2.2 Meridians, Bearings and Angles 2.3 Designation of Bearings, Whole circle and Quadrantal system and Conversions 2.4 Fore Bearing and Back Bearing 2.5 Types of Compass 2.6 Magnetic Declination 2.7 Local Attraction 2.8 Closing Error and Adjustments (Graphical and Analytical) 2.9 Instruction on Field Works
Apply and analyze the principles and techniques of levelling.	Unit III: Levelling (10 hrs) 3.1 Levelling- Basic Definitions and Importance 3.2 Types of Levelling- Spirit, Trigonometrical and Barometric 3.3 Spirit Levelling- Basic Definitions and Types 3.4 Methods of Reducing Levels and their Booking – HI and Rise & Fall Method, Arithmetic Checks 3.5 Two peg test 3.6 Effect of Curvature and Refraction 3.7 Reciprocal Levelling 3.8 Permissible Error in Levelling 3.9 Sources of Error in Levelling 3.10 Trigonometrical Levelling- Problems of Height and Distances 3.11 Practical Cases in Levelling 3.12 Instruction on Field Works
Visualize with advanced surveying instruments and their applications.	Unit IV: Introduction to EDM, Theodolite and Total Station (4 hrs) 4.1 Principle of Electronic Distance Measurement and Use of EDM 4.2 Types of Theodolite and its components 4.3 Principle of Theodolite 4.4 Uses of Theodolite- Measurement of Horizontal & Vertical Angles and Bearings 4.5 Components of Total Station 4.6 Electronic Data Recording 4.7 Uses of Total Station

Specific Objectives	Contents
Apply and analyze traverse techniques, compute coordinates, rectify errors, address omitted measurements, and plot traverses.	Unit V: Theodolite Traversing (10 hrs) 5.1 Traverse- Definition, Types and Uses 5.2 Checks in Closed and Open Traverse 5.3 Consecutive and Independent Co-ordinates; and its Computation 5.4 Closing Error in Closed Traverse, its Computation and Balancing 5.5 Degree of Accuracy in Traversing 5.6 Plotting of Theodolite Traverse 5.7 Omitted Measurements 5.8 Instruction on Field Works
Apply and analyze various tacheometric systems	Unit VI: Tacheometry (5 hrs) 6.1 Introduction, Uses and Importance 6.2 Principles of Optical Distance Measurement 6.3 Systems of Tacheometry-Stadia System and Tangential System 6.4 Distance Measurement using Vertical Staff 6.5 Instruction on Field Works
Interpret how terrain variations are represented through contours	Unit VII: Contouring (4 hrs) 7.1 Basic Definitions in Contouring 7.2 Contour Interval 7.3 Characteristics of Contours 7.4 Methods of Contouring 7.5 Interpolation of Contours 7.6 Uses of Contour Maps 7.7 Instruction on Field Works
Apply and analyze trilateration and triangulation systems.	Unit VIII: Trilateration and Triangulation (3 hrs) 8.1 Principles of Trilateration 8.2 Principles and Classification of Triangulation Systems 8.3 Strength of Figure 8.4 Satellite Stations and Inter-Visibility of Triangulation Stations 8.5 Instruction on Field Works

5. List of Tutorials

S.N.	Tutorials
1	Solving the problems related to the units of measurement and their conversions.
2	Determination of bearings, bearings conversions, Local attraction and closing error computation and adjustments in compass surveying.
3	Determination of the reduced level of any station using different methods of levelling.
4	Computation of consecutive and independent coordinates in closed and open traverse, balancing of closing error and determining omitted measurements.
5	Solving the problems related to the tacheometery.
6	Determination of Index contour and contour plotting.

6. Practical Works

Horizontal, Vertical, and Sloping Distance Measurement – use of tapes, Abney level, and ranging rods.
Two Peg Test and Transfer of RL from BM to a point by Fly Levelling or Differential Levelling.
Preparation of L-section and X-section of a road alignment.
Demonstration of Theodolite and Total Station and traverse survey using theodolite or Total Station.
Preparation of detailed topographic map by traversing using theodolite or Total station, with distances and elevations computed by tacheometry and contours drawn after arithmetic interpolation.
Determination of elevation of accessible and inaccessible points by Trigonometrical Levelling.
EDM Demo
Measurement of a plot of Land by trilateration and computation of area in various systems (Ropani, Bigha, Hectare etc.)

7. Evaluation System and Students' Responsibilities

Evaluation System

In addition to the formal exam(s), the internal evaluation of a student may consist of quizzes, assignments, lab reports, projects, class participation, etc.

Internal Evaluation

Component	Weightage
Theory
Attendance & Class Participation	10%
Assignments	20%
Presentations/Quizzes	10%
Internal Assessment	60%
Practical
Attendance & Class Participation	10%
Lab Report/Project Report	20%
Practical Exam/Project Work	40%
Viva	30%

Total Internal Marks: 50

Semester-End Examination: 50

Full Marks: 50 + 50 = 100

Student's Responsibilities

Each student must secure at least 45% marks separately in internal assessment and practical evaluation with 80% attendance in the class in order to appear in the Semester End Examination. Failing to get such score will be given NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) to appear the Semester-End Examinations. Students are advised to attend all the classes, formal exam, test, etc. and complete all the assignments within the specified time period. Students are required to complete all the requirements defined for the completion of the course.

8. Prescribed Books and References

Text Books

Punima, B.C., Jain Ahok K. & Jain, Arun K. Surveying Vol I, II, III. New Delhi: Laxmi Publications. 2005.
Agor, R. A text book of Surveying and levelling. Khanna Publishers

References

Clark, D. Plane and Geodetic Surveying for Engineers Vol. I, II. Michigan: Constable Limited. 1923.
Bannister, A., Raymond, S. & Baker, Raymond. Surveying (7th edition). New Delhi: Pearson education.
Kanetkar, T.P. Surveying.
Basak, N.N. Surveying and Levelling. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.

Surveying 1 Syallabus