Pokhara University Faculty of Science and Technology
Course No.: xxx xxx Full Marks: 100
Course Title: Applied Physics (3-1-2) Pass Marks: 45
Nature of the Course: Theory and Practical Time per Period: 1 hour
Year: First Total Periods: 45
Level: Bachelor Program: BE
Course Description
This course covers the fundamental topics of physics and basic principles that are required to study other engineering courses. It develops the ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering physics problems. Moreover, it enables to formulate, conduct, analyze and interpret experiments in engineering physics through tutorials, laboratory work and self-learning activities.
General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are:
To equip the students with the fundamental concept and laws of oscillation, electromagnetism and thermodynamics.
To acquaint the students with waves, laser, optical fiber, quantum mechanics and enlighten the importance of capacitor and dielectrics.
Methods of Instruction
Lecture, discussion, tutorials, Laboratory work and assignments
Contents in Detail
Specific Objectives
Contents
Understand mechanical oscillations, solve problems related to different types of oscillation, familiar with the scope in various engineering fields.
Unit I: Mechanical Oscillation (6 hrs)
Solve and analyze the problems related to waves
Unit II: Wave Motion (4 hrs)
Introduction of wave, wave velocity and particle velocity, types of waves and their applications, Speed of wave in stretched string, energy, power and intensity of plane progressive wave, standing wave and resonance, sonometer.
Free oscillation, Damped oscillation and Forced oscillation (Physical meaning and equations).
Compound pendulum, Minimum and maximum time period in compound pendulum, Interchangeability of point of suspension and point of oscillation in compound pendulum, Torsion pendulum, Determination of modulus of rigidity of material using torsion pendulum.
Solve the problems related to reverberation in different units of building. Solve the problems related to ultra sound.
Unit III: Acoustics (4 hrs.)
understand the use of lasers in engineering sciences and solve problems related to laser and fiber optics. Apply the concept of optical fibers in communication system and sensors.
Unit IV: Photonics (6 hrs.)
Evaluate the capacity of capacitors to store energy with and without dielectrics. Solve problems related to electrostatics.
Unit V: Capacitor and Dielectric (6 hrs.)
Deal with interaction between electric field and magnetic field on matter.
Analyze the relationship between electric field, magnetic field and speed of wave.
Unit VI: Electromagnetism (6 hrs.)
Apply principles of quantum mechanics to investigate the observables on known wave functions. Solve the problems
Unit VII: Quantum Mechanics (5 hrs.) Inadequacy of classical mechanics, Importance of quantum mechanics, Matter wave (de-Broglie equation), Wave function and its significance,
Classification of sound waves, Acoustics of building, Reverberation of sound, absorption coefficient, Noise pollution and its control, Sound insulation, Sabine equation.
Introduction, production and applications of ultrasonic wave. Ultrasonic method in non-destructive testing.
Laser: Introduction of laser, Principles of generation of laser light (induced absorption, spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, population inversion, pumping, metastable state), He–Ne laser, Semiconductor laser, Applications of laser.
Fiber optics: Introduction, Types of optical fiber, Principle of propagation of light wave through optical fiber (Acceptance angle), Numerical aperture, Applications of optical fiber in communications, Optical fiber sensors.
Capacitor: Introduction, Types of capacitors, Charging and discharging of capacitor.
Dielectric: Introduction, Dielectric constant, electric flux density, Polarization, Polarization in free space, Gauss law in dielectric, Electronic and Ionic polarization (Clausius-Mossotti equation).
EM Oscillation: LC oscillation, Damped LCR oscillation, Forced em oscillation, resonance and quality factor
EM waves: Maxwell equations in integral form, Conversion of Maxwell’s equations in differential form, Continuity equation, Relation between electric field, magnetic field and speed of light, wave equations in free space, verification of light wave as an electromagnetic wave, Wave equation in dielectric medium
related to particle wave using Schrodinger’s wave equations.
Energy and momentum operator, Time independent and time dependent Schrodinger wave equations, Application of Schrodinger wave equation for the electron in metal, Normalized wave function describing the motion of an electron inside in an infinite potential well.
Acquainted with the laws of thermodynamics and applications. Solve the problems related to thermodynamics and heat transfer.
Unit VIII: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (8 hrs.)
Concepts and definition: applications of thermodynamics, properties and state of substance, thermodynamics properties and types, processes (definition, characteristics and examples): reversible and irreversible process.
Laws of thermodynamics: first law of thermodynamics, first law for closed system, internal and stored energy, joules law, enthalpy, specific heat, application of first law for closed system, Related problems on closed system, second law of thermodynamics, heat engine (four components of refrigerator and heat pump, COP of refrigerator and heat pumps), Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statement of second law.
Heat transfer: modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation), statement and assumption of Fourier’s law of thermal conductivity, one dimensional steady state heat conduction through plane wall, basic laws of radiation (Emissive power and emissivity, Stefan-Boltzmann’s law), Concept of black bodies.
Tutorials
Solving the problems related to different oscillation.
Solving and analyzing the problems related to waves.
Determination of standard reverberation time for normal human ear and solving problems related to ultra sound.
Determination of angle of acceptance for working of optical fiber and finding population of atoms in different energy states.
Solving the problems for different combination of capacitors and finding the charging and discharging time constant for capacitor.
Solving the problems related to Gauss law of electrostatics.
Determination of frequency of damped and undammed LC oscillation and analyzing the relationship between electric field, magnetic field and speed of wave.
Solving the problems related to particle wave using Schrodinger’s wave equations.
Solving the problems related to thermodynamics and heat transfer.
Laboratories (Any Eight):
To determine the acceleration due to gravity and radius of gyration of bar pendulum.
To determine the value of modulus of rigidity of the material given and moment of inertia of circular disc using torsion pendulum.
To determine the acceptance angle of an optical fiber using laser source.
To determine the frequency of AC mains by using sonometer apparatus.
To determine the wavelength of laser light by using diffraction grating
To determine the capacitance of given capacitor by charging and discharging through resistor.
To plot a graph between current and frequency in an LRC series circuit and to find: i) the resonance frequency ii) the quality factor.
To determine the dielectric constant of a given material
To determine the Planck’s constant and photoelectric work functions of the material.
To measure the pressure, specific volume and temperature.
To find out the efficiency of a compressor.
To measure the rate of heat, transfer by conduction
To measure the performance of a Refrigeration/ Heat pump
Evaluation system and Students’ Responsibilities Evaluation System
In addition to the formal exam(s), the internal evaluation of a student may consist of quizzes, assignments, lab reports, projects, class participation, etc. The tabular presentation of the internal evaluation is as follows.
External Evaluation
Marks
Internal Evaluation
Weight
Marks
Semester-End examination
50
Theory
30
Attendance and Class Participation
10%
Assignments
20%
Presentations/Viva/Quizzes
10%
Term exam
60%
Practical
20
Attendance and Class Participation
10%
Report
10%
Viva
20%
Exam
60%
Total Internal
50
Full Marks: 50 + 50 = 100
Student Responsibilities
Each student must secure at least 45% marks in internal evaluation with 80% attendance in the class in order to appear in the Semester End Examination. Failing to get such score will be given
NOT QUILIFIED (NQ) and the student will not be eligible to appear the Semester-End Examinations. Students are advised to attend all the classes, formal exam, test, etc. and complete all the assignments within the specified time period. Students are required to complete all the requirements defined for the completion of the course.
Prescribed Books and References Text Books
Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker. J. Fundamental of Physics. John Wiley and Sons. Inc.
Young, H. D. & Freedman. R. A. Sears and Zemansky's University Physics. 2009.
Howel, J. R. & Buckius, R. O. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. McGraw-Hill Publishers.
References
Reitz, J., Milford, F.J., Christy, R.W., Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, 1996.
David, J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2008
Van Wylen, G. J. and Sonntag, R. E., Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1989
Malik, H. K., Singh, A. K., Engineering Physics, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd., 2010.
Arora, C. L. (2020). B. Sc. Practical Physics. S. Chand Publishing.
Mathur, D. S., Mechanics, S. Chand and Company Ltd., 2003.
Subrahmanyam, N., Lal, B., A text book of Optics, S. Chand and Company Ltd., 2005.
Tiwari, K. K., Electricity and Magnetism, S. Chand and Company Ltd., 2001
Murugeshan, R., Sivaprasath, K., Modern Physics, S. Chand and Company Ltd., 2009.
